![]() ![]() Therefore, in addition to ns electrons, the various numbers of (n−1)d electrons are also lost to show various oxidation states. This unique property is due to the fact that the energy levels of 3d, 4d, and 5d orbitals are close to the 4s, 5s, and 6s orbitals respectively. One of the most important properties that distinguish transition metals from non-transition elements is variable oxidation numbers or states. The values of second ionization energy chromium and copper are higher than that of their neighbor transition metals due to the extra stability of Cu + and Cr + ion.
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